So basically a totally broken security UI workflow in Apples latest macOS Vista trainwreck. That’s not a Matlab bug for sure. It’s a sign of poor operating system engineering that a piece of standard userspace application software that is not close to system level would need to frequently adjust to a new OS version. From the category “Only in the magic world of Apple”.
I’m pretty sure the only way to be sure your camera can’t spy on you on any OS + hw combo is to put a sticker over it. And disconnect the microphone with some physical switch. Apple macOS btw. just had this very recently fixed major security flaw wrt. camera spying revealed: